ChatGPT Request:
Write a python program that calculates the mass of the atmosphere for the terrestrial planets and Titan using their surface pressure, surface area calculated from radius, and gravity.   Print the inputs and outputs for each of them.  Print the pressure in mb, radius in km, the surface area in millions of square miles, and the acceleration due to gravity in Newtons/kg. Print out also the atmospheric composition by volume, and the average molecular mass for each planet. Include references.

Python program generated by ChatGPT:
import math

def calculate_surface_area(radius_km):
    """
    Calculate the surface area of a planet in square kilometers.
    """
    return 4 * math.pi * (radius_km ** 2)

def calculate_atmospheric_mass(pressure_mb, surface_area_km2, gravity):
    """
    Calculate the mass of the atmosphere given surface pressure, surface area, and gravity.
    """
    # Convert surface area from square kilometers to square meters
    surface_area_m2 = surface_area_km2 * 1e6
    
    # Convert pressure from millibars to Pascals
    pressure_pa = pressure_mb * 100
    
    # Mass of the atmosphere (M = P * A / g)
    mass_kg = (pressure_pa * surface_area_m2) / gravity
    return mass_kg

def print_planet_data(name, pressure_mb, radius_km, gravity, composition, molecular_mass):
    """
    Print the planetary data including mass of the atmosphere, surface area, and composition.
    """
    surface_area_km2 = calculate_surface_area(radius_km)
    surface_area_mi2 = surface_area_km2 * 0.386102  # Convert square kilometers to square miles
    surface_area_mi2_millions = surface_area_mi2 / 1e6
    
    mass_kg = calculate_atmospheric_mass(pressure_mb, surface_area_km2, gravity)
    
    print(f"{name}:")
    print(f"  Surface Pressure: {pressure_mb} mb")
    print(f"  Radius: {radius_km} km")
    print(f"  Surface Area: {surface_area_mi2_millions:.2f} million square miles")
    print(f"  Acceleration due to Gravity: {gravity} N/kg")
    print(f"  Atmospheric Mass: {mass_kg:.2e} kg")
    
    print("  Atmospheric Composition by Volume:")
    for gas, volume in composition.items():
        print(f"    {gas}: {volume}%")
    
    print(f"  Average Molecular Mass: {molecular_mass} g/mol")
    print()

def main():
    # Data for each planet and Titan
    planets_data = {
        "Mercury": {
            "pressure_mb": 0.0,  # Near-vacuum conditions
            "radius_km": 2439.7,
            "gravity": 3.7,
            "composition": {
                "Hydrogen": 42,
                "Helium": 29,
                "Oxygen": 6,
                "Sodium": 3,
                "Magnesium": 1,
                "Others": 19
            },
            "molecular_mass": 2.01
        },
        "Venus": {
            "pressure_mb": 9300,
            "radius_km": 6051.8,
            "gravity": 8.87,
            "composition": {
                "Carbon Dioxide": 96.5,
                "Nitrogen": 3.5
            },
            "molecular_mass": 43.35
        },
        "Earth": {
            "pressure_mb": 1013,
            "radius_km": 6371.0,
            "gravity": 9.81,
            "composition": {
                "Nitrogen": 78.09,
                "Oxygen": 20.95,
                "Argon": 0.93,
                "Others": 0.03
            },
            "molecular_mass": 28.97
        },
        "Mars": {
            "pressure_mb": 610,
            "radius_km": 3389.5,
            "gravity": 3.71,
            "composition": {
                "Carbon Dioxide": 95.3,
                "Nitrogen": 2.7,
                "Argon": 1.6,
                "Others": 0.4
            },
            "molecular_mass": 43.34
        },
        "Titan": {
            "pressure_mb": 1460,
            "radius_km": 2575.0,
            "gravity": 1.35,
            "composition": {
                "Nitrogen": 95,
                "Methane": 5
            },
            "molecular_mass": 28.01
        }
    }
    
    for planet, data in planets_data.items():
        print_planet_data(planet,
                          data['pressure_mb'],
                          data['radius_km'],
                          data['gravity'],
                          data['composition'],
                          data['molecular_mass'])

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()




OUTPUT 

Mercury:
  Surface Pressure: 0.0 mb
  Radius: 2439.7 km
  Surface Area: 28.88 million square miles
  Acceleration due to Gravity: 3.7 N/kg
  Atmospheric Mass: 0.00e+00 kg
  Atmospheric Composition by Volume:
    Hydrogen: 42%
    Helium: 29%
    Oxygen: 6%
    Sodium: 3%
    Magnesium: 1%
    Others: 19%
  Average Molecular Mass: 2.01 g/mol

Venus:
  Surface Pressure: 9300 mb
  Radius: 6051.8 km
  Surface Area: 177.70 million square miles
  Acceleration due to Gravity: 8.87 N/kg
  Atmospheric Mass: 4.83e+19 kg
  Atmospheric Composition by Volume:
    Carbon Dioxide: 96.5%
    Nitrogen: 3.5%
  Average Molecular Mass: 43.35 g/mol

Earth:
  Surface Pressure: 1013 mb
  Radius: 6371.0 km
  Surface Area: 196.94 million square miles
  Acceleration due to Gravity: 9.81 N/kg
  Atmospheric Mass: 5.27e+18 kg
  Atmospheric Composition by Volume:
    Nitrogen: 78.09%
    Oxygen: 20.95%
    Argon: 0.93%
    Others: 0.03%
  Average Molecular Mass: 28.97 g/mol

Mars:
  Surface Pressure: 610 mb
  Radius: 3389.5 km
  Surface Area: 55.74 million square miles
  Acceleration due to Gravity: 3.71 N/kg
  Atmospheric Mass: 2.37e+18 kg
  Atmospheric Composition by Volume:
    Carbon Dioxide: 95.3%
    Nitrogen: 2.7%
    Argon: 1.6%
    Others: 0.4%
  Average Molecular Mass: 43.34 g/mol

Titan:
  Surface Pressure: 1460 mb
  Radius: 2575.0 km
  Surface Area: 32.17 million square miles
  Acceleration due to Gravity: 1.35 N/kg
  Atmospheric Mass: 9.01e+18 kg
  Atmospheric Composition by Volume:
    Nitrogen: 95%
    Methane: 5%
  Average Molecular Mass: 28.01 g/mol

References:

Data for surface pressure, radius, and gravity are derived from standard astronomical sources:
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars: NASA Planetary Fact Sheets.
Titan: NASA's Cassini-Huygens mission data.